Wednesday 19 August 2015

AMD announces quad-core G series x86 system on chip (SoC) parts

AMD announces quad-core G series x86 system on chip (SoC) parts

amd-gseriesCHIP DESIGNER AMD announced its first x86 system on chip (SoC) sporting a CPU based on its Jaguar architecture and a GPU based on its Sea Islands architecture.

AMD's x86 G series chips have been around for a few years, but the firm has not integrated the CPU, GPU and the I/O controller hub into a single die until now. The firm's latest G series embedded chips sport dual-core or quad-core processors coupled to a fully fledged Sea Islands GPU and an on-die I/O controller hub, making it the firm's first true SoC.

AMD's latest G series SoCs come in dual-core and quad-core parts, all of which support ECC memory, with the dual-core 1GHz GX-210HA offering the lowest TDP of 9W. The is pretty impressive given that the chip also sports a Radeon HD 8210E GPU clocked at 300MHz that supports both DirectX 11.1 and OpenCL. The firm's range-topping GX-420CA is a quad-core part clocked at 2GHz with a Radeon HD 8400E GPU clocked at 600MHz and a thermal design power (TDP) rating of 25W.

Although AMD has been pushing its accelerated processing units for almost two years, the firm has not integrated the I/O controller hub onto the same silicon, meaning previous systems based on the firm's G series chips needed two chips on the circuit board. The firm's latest batch of G series chips are what chip vendors like to term "single chip solutions", meaning that device makers can save on material costs and circuit board space with the latest G series chips taking 600 square millimetres on the circuit board.

Interestingly AMD has a version of its G series SoC without a GPU. The firm's quad-core 1.6GHz GX-416RA is rated at 15W TDP, the same power consumption as the quad-core GX-415GA, a 1.5GHz quad-core chip that also has a Radeon HD 8330E GPU.

AMD has managed to pack considerable connectivity into the G series chips. The firm has added dual-display output capability, SATA 3.0 and eight lane PCI Express 2 connectivity that can be used as a general purpose bus, while eight USB 2.0 and two USB 3.0 connections along with an SD Card reader or SDIO controller are also available.

AMD touted an improved operating temperature range of -40C to 85C which will enable it to flog chips in a number of new markets.

The firm told The INQUIRER that DirectX 11.1 support was primarily required for the gambling industry, where the firm intends to sell its G series SoC parts to video gambling machine vendors. AMD also said its G series SoCs support OpenCL for compute applications.

According to AMD, its G series SoC parts are not intended for server use despite supporting ECC memory and are not the same chips that will be found in the upcoming Playstation 4 processor. Nevertheless, the G series SoCs could shake up the embedded market with substantial CPU and GPU compute power offering both AMD and its customers flexibility in high volume markets. ยต

Thursday 6 August 2015

Market watcher cautions IT managers to beware the risk IoT and virtual personal assistants pose to corporate data stored in 'personal clouds'

Iranian, Syrian Hackers Hit 'Gas Gauges'

Iranian, Syrian Hackers Hit 'Gas Gauges'

Honeypots posing as gas gauge monitoring systems located in 7 nations hit with DDoS attacks, defacements, and queries from attackers.

BLACK HAT USA -- Las Vegas -- Researchers who planted honeypots posing as gas gauge monitoring systems in the US, Brazil, United Kingdom, Germany, Jordan, Russia, and the United Arab Emirates, say their phony systems were DDoS'ed, defaced, and queried for information by infamous hacktivist groups from Iran and Syria.

Trend Micro researchers Kyle Wilhoit and Stephen Hilt, here today revealed how their honeypot version of a Vedeer-Root Guardian AST gas gauge monitoring system apparently fooled a group claiming to be the Syrian Electronic Army hacking group, as well the Iranian Dark Coders hacking team.  

Overall, the 18 attacks on the gas gauges included four modifications to the phony pumps, two DDoS attacks, and 12 pump queries looking for information about the tanks.

Sponsor video, mouseover for sound

Wilhoit and Hilt also officially released their Gaspot honeypot tool, which allows researchers as well as gas tank operators to set up their own virtual monitoring systems to track attack attempts and threats.

The DDoS attackers appeared to be the SEA, according to the researchers, given their IP address locations and their use of the LOIC DDoS tool. The Syrian hackers aimed its 2Gbps DDoS power at a Gaspot located in Washington, DC. "We were able to correlate by looking at the IP addresses they were using," Wilhoit says, in addition to a "SEA" reference in the GET string used by the attackers.

Even so, he admits that it could possibly be another group posing as SEA.

The pro-Iranian regime hacktivists Iranian Dark Coders, aka IDC, modified the names of two pumps situated in Jordan. The IDC, which is best known for defacements and malware distribution, renamed two different tank names in the systems, one  "H4CK3D by IDC-TEAM," and the other "AHAAD Was Here."

Wilhoit says all of the IPs involved were out of Iran, and the fact that they went after the honeypots in Jordan was "damn interesting." "It's interesting from a political standpoint," he says. "There's a decent case that this is more than likely IDC."

Even so, the attacks he and Hilt watched on the honeypots were fairly "tame," Wilhoit says. "From my standpoint, it was more interesting from a geopolitical standpoint, seeing Iranian IPs attacking" the honeypot in Jordan.

A worse scenario would be if an attacker were to alter information on the amount of petroleum in a pump, for instance, and cause a supply chain disruption, he says.

"You can't overflow a tank and spill gas with these" hacks, Hilt notes. "They are truly monitoring. But you can start changing the volume of the tank … It could run out of gas, but you could make it look like it's full."

A DDoS could hamper distribution and inventory, for instance.

Gaspot was configured to appear realistic, each looking a bit different and using local IP addresses for the locations where it was stationed, for example. Half were searchable via Shodan, and the other half were not.

The Guardian AST systems the honeypots mimicked are Internet-connected and don't employ PINS, Wilhoit says. "They are deployed in a very insecure fashion. But there are some products that Vedeer-Root has that support a very small PIN code," but it's just a 4-digit, all-numeric PIN, he says.

Wednesday 5 August 2015

VCDX: The elite certification just 105 people hold

VCDX: The elite certification just 105 people hold

Recruiters don't know about it, but one bloke who got it now drives a Porsche

VMware's monster VM

On 28 February next year in Las Vegas, a group of brave IT professionals will go before a jury of their peers and spend half a day defending themselves and their technical skills. The inquisitors will pull no punches and the process will be brutal. Many of those on trial will be defeated, rejected and fly home chastened. Others will emerge with a prize just 105 people on the planet possess: the VMware Certified Design Expert (VCDX) certification.

VCDX is VMware's highest and toughest certification. Chief Technology Officer Steve Herrod has likened it to attaining doctorate in VMware.

Around 40 per cent of those who hold the certification work for VMware. Those outside the company identify themselves by number: for this piece we spoke to VCDX #66 Michael Webster and VCDX #93 Frank Fan.

VCDXs come in three flavours – cloud, data centre virtualisation and end user computing – and to attain the certification one must first hold several lesser certifications in the chosen speciality. Proceeding to VCDX is not guaranteed: one must first prepare a design for a large-scale VMware implementation, complete with business case and a project plan.

That design is assessed and, if it is accepted, applicants are then offered the chance to participate in the interactive session described above. Panellists leading the inquisition at those sessions hold either a VCDX or other high-level VMware certifications.

VMware literature about the sessions pulls few punches, stating "you will defend your application" during the trial.

Taking on a VCDX is not for the faint-hearted. Webster says achieving the certification is hard "[b]ecause you have to have a very broad and very deep skill set."

"You need to have a very deep understanding of … vSphere, but also security, storage, networking, server design, management, operations, troubleshooting, administration, disaster recovery and business continuity, and applications. You also need to know how to implement your design in complex enterprise organisations including the process and people aspects. You also don't just submit a design, but an entire project work package including architecture, validation plans, implementation plans and configuration and build documentation. All has to be enterprise class and sufficiently complex for large enterprises."

Webster's project was unusually complex and required 350 hours of work.

Fan, meanwhile, says he spent more than 100 hours on his application, failed at his first attempt, tried again and now says one of the key things he'd advise those seeking the certification is to make sure their families understand the commitment required. Webster offers similar advice, advising that "you should make sure your family is on board" before signing up.

Given that gruelling regime, Reg readers may ask themselves why on earth anyone would bother going for the certification, especially as four recruitment agencies we spoke to here in Vulture South hadn't heard of VCDX and declined to offer an opinion on what it could do for one's pay packet.

Webster's theory for their ignorance is that there are so few VCDXs that the certification isn't something employers are asking for yet. But in Webster's experience organisations working with VMware at scale know all about it, given that his business – New Zealand-based IT Solutions 2000 Ltd – has done very well since he won the certification.

"Being a VCDX means I've not [had] any downtime, even during the recession," Webster, who blogs here, told The Register. "If I bid for a project against some of the big players and the customer has got to make a decision, being a VCDX lets me operate at the same level as the big guys, particularly when looking at an organisation's crown jewels.

"The impact has been pretty huge. I have had the chance to work on projects I would not otherwise have had the chance to do. I've worked around the world. I'm now the go-to guy for virtualising business-critical applications in the Asia-Pacific and Japan, and also work in Europe and the USA. I'm often called on to help large enterprises."

Webster also says being a VCDX means good money – there's a Porsche 911 Carrera in his garage and his air miles balance is sky high.

Frank Fan was already a Manager for Technology at Accenture Australia when he won his VCDX, so has not noticed an increase in salary, but like Webster finds the certification opens professional doors. "I've seen investment banks specify they want a VCDX to work on their environment," he says.

Fan also feels that just going through the VCDX process is beneficial.

"My confidence has increased remarkably," he says. "I now feel very comfortable presenting in very challenging environments and doing very challenging customer proposals." Those proposals are made a little easier by the fact that VCDXs tend to network, with Fan saying he feels "I have a network of multiple experts around the world."

Fan also used a network to help get him over the line as a VCDX after his first application failed. "To become a VCDX, the most important thing is to be disciplined," he says. "You must treat it as a marathon, train for it and allocate time every day. The first time I failed because I did not work with people to motivate motivate each other. The second time I worked with two others in a study group and we all passed last May."

The amount of time needed to complete the certification and the complexity of the subject matter means Webster advises "it's not for everyone", but he also believes that even those who don't succeed in winning the certification still gain an enormous amount of useful knowledge.

Aspirant VCDXs who like the sound of any of the above outcomes should check VMware's certification pages to learn the prerequisites for the certification, or read the books about the certification. Those who are ready to take it on will then find attending a VCDX bootcamp more than useful, as these three-hour events are designed to help candidates prepare for their final push. Boot camps typically take place at VMWorld and vForum events.

Final interrogations also take place at VMware events around the world. You or your employer will need to foot the bill to get you there and pay for food and lodging.

"My advice would be to make sure you fully understand the investment," Webster says. "And make sure you are ready."

If you are, the upside can be enormous. "It is a completely transferable skill that goes across all boundaries," Webster says. "I have had job offers from all over the place, which means I can live in New Zealand and and work all around the world." ®

Top Ten Countries with Highest number of PCs

Top Ten Countries with Highest number of PCs

Top Ten Countries With Most computers or PC users include USA, China, Japan, Germany, India, the UK, Russia, France, Brazil and Italy.
Top Ten Countries with Highest Number of Personal Computers Map USA Map India Map Brazil Map China Map Russia Map UK Map - United Kingdom Germany Map France Map Italy Map Japan Map
Description:Map shows top ten countries with highest no.s personal computer users in the world. Disclaimer




Which are the top ten countries in the world with highest number of PC users? The map answers this question, based on data from 2003-04. It is hard to say that the numbers are very accurate, because any statistic covering this much ground is always approximate.

Still, it can be said with certainty that the trend is likely to continue for quite some time in future.

USA
USA has an estimated 223,810,000 personal computer users across the country, and the number has been going higher up in the recent times. Presently, an estimated 68.7% of American households have access to the internet, and 61.8% own PCs. This is a significant increase from 1984, when about only 8.2% of US households had access to the PC.

Japan
No surprise here. Japan has led the digital revolution, after all. The approximate number of personal computer users in Japan is 62,000,000. Almost 99.182 million people have access to internet in the country. Surveys have revealed that about 13% of the Japanese buy used PCs. Low-end personal computers are mostly used.

China
China has been on a roll in hardware and software industries, capturing a large share of the world exports. According to estimates, there are about 52,990,000 users of personal computers in China. An estimated 389 million people surf the net in this Asian country. Given the population of the country, this is not much. But things are set to change: It is being forecast that by 2015 ,China will have 500 million new PCs as a consequence of growing levels of income.


Germany
Germany has close to 45,000,000 people who use personal computers. There are almost 65.125 million internet users in the European country, which places it at the 5th position globally. The economy can be classified as a social market and has a substantial and skilled labor force. German economy is the biggest of its kind in Europe. If only the country had more population, it could have easily topped this list.

UK
Slow and steady growth, that's UK. There are almost 35,890,000 personal computer users in use in UK, and approximately 51.44 million internet users. UK's economy is a partly administered market in type. On the basis of exchange rates, UK has globally the 6th biggest economy. It is followed by France and Germany.

France
France has almost 45.262 million internet users to go with an estimated 35,000,000 people who own a PC. Most of the internet users in France are concentrated in the metropolitan areas. France is a member of G8 – a prominent group of top industrialized countries. Globally, it is the 5th biggest economy.


South Korea
Almost 39.4 million people use the internet in South Korea, which has 26,201,000 users of personal computers. As far as nominal GDP is concerned, this Asian country has the 14th rank. South Korea contributes greatly to the world computer hardware.

Canada
Canada has close to 22,390,000 personal computer users and almost 26.96 million people use the internet. Over the years the percentage of households using personal computers in Canada has grown substantially. Presently it stands at almost 71%, which is a major jump from 49% in 1998. Given the rate of economic progress, this will continue strongly.

Italy
Close to 21,486,000 people use the personal computer in Italy, one of the wealthiest economies of Europe. This south European country also has an estimated 29.235 million people who use the internet. This means that 18.1% of Italy's population uses the internet, which is far lower than the average for Europe. For households, this percentage goes up to 31%.

Brazil
The approximate number of people who work with personal computers in Brazil is 19,350,000. The south American nation also has 75.98 million internet users. It is expected that the number of PCs being used in Brazil could go up by 3 times in future. Computer usage has increased following the recent spurt in economic activity.



  Top Ten Countries with Highest number of PC's  
RankCountryPCs In-Use (in Million)Sharing % of World Total
1U.S.310.619.4
2China195.112.2
3Japan98.16.12
4Germany71.54.47
5India573.56
6UK54.53.41
7Russia53.53.34
8France53.53.34
9Brazil48.13.01
10Italy44.72.79

Date of Information : February 1, 2012
Source : Computer Industry Almanac Inc.
http://www.c-i-a.com/pr02012012.htm

The 10 Reasons Why Your Corporate Job Is Going To Suck

The 10 Reasons Why Your Corporate Job Is Going To Suck

Congrats, you've successfully wasted four years of your life and put yourself in a huge amount of debt just to get yourself a piece of paper that validates your corporate job. While it was a grueling process, you finally graduated and it feels as if, for a brief period of time, a weight has been lifted off your shoulders. Enjoy the feeling while it lasts because come Monday morning, you are going to be put back in your place by this thing we call the corporate world.

Now that you have graduated and were one of the lucky ones to be able to secure a job in corporate America, your 'real life' experience awaits. Congratulations on studying your ass off for four years just so you can be someone's bitch. While there are perks like healthcare, job security and room for promotion at your current job, there are also some pitfalls. Many people working in corporate America turn out miserable.

The common misconception with jobs and working to make a living is that people feel that they don't have to enjoy their work. This thought process leaves many people sitting in their cubicles everyday counting down the hours until 5pm so they can get out. Many people overlook the fact that work should be enjoyed, it's the thing that you will be doing for the rest of your life, so why not make it worth your while and do something that is going to make you happy? Here are the 10 reasons why your corporate job is going to suck:

You will feel as if you're selling your life away.

The constant need to work early mornings into the late hours will deflate you in no time. With these wild working hours, you will notice that whatever is left of your social life is completely gone and you will feel that work is the only life you have outside of sleeping.

This work, home, sleep lifestyle will soon wear you down, but the worst part is that you can't quit because those college loans need to be paid. Watching a chunk of your paycheck go towards college loans is a horrible experience and it only gets worse every time your alarm clock rings to wake you to start your day.


Your job becomes more of an obligation than something you should enjoy.

People in corporate America are under the impression that they do not have to enjoy themselves while at work. You have to realize that your career should be a choice. Just because you studied accounting or finance in college does not mean you have to stick to that profession when you graduate.Although finance and accounting seem like rewarding careers, it all comes down to your willingness to spend countless hours at the office while your money piles up and you don't have the time to enjoy it.

What's the point of having all this money if you can't spend it properly with the people you enjoy most? Don't be the person that works a certain job because they have to, be on the constant look out for better jobs that should guide you into careers that will make you happy.


You are nothing more than a means to an end.

In particularly large companies, you are just a number. Your whole purpose is to put in your time in order for the company to run its operations. You are merely a single, minute creature that has no say in the way things operate. It is a truly dehumanizing experience as no one really cares about you beyond what little value you bring to the company at the time.

Unless you are one of the big closers or bring in huge accounts, no one really cares about your presence. Your voice is practically unheard because everyone around you feels like they know better and they don't give you a chance to voice your opinion.


You have 30 or 40-year-olds telling you what to do with your life.

One of the biggest problems with corporate America is that you will work for people around your parents' age and they feel like they know everything. They constantly attempt to tell you what to do and keep reminding you that the path you have chosen is the best for you.

They lived in a different time, yet they somehow feel that today's work environment is similar to the one they grew up in. With today's unemployment rates and high student loan debts, we are facing a different battle. Our generation must do whatever it can to get employment, it requires us to think outside the box and seek unorthodox jobs.


The people you work with are two-dimensional stiffs.

Because the people you work with will predominately be older than you, their sense of humor is quite antiquated. They will not be able to connect with you on a social level because of their age and the things you are interested do not cross their mind. This truly makes working with them an unenjoyable experience and something to dread every day.


Climbing the corporate ladder is slow, painful and extremely political.

Your first few months will consist of you doing mostly menial tasks that senior officials don't feel like doing. This is just something you have to accept and there is nothing you can do about it. If someone wants something done, you have no choice but to do it. This is until you gain some seniority, but once you're past b*itch level, you are on your own and getting to the top is no easy task.

You will have to painfully climb the corporate ladder, which is highly political and time consuming. A good thing to notice is that in today's job market, there isn't much job security, so you shouldn't expect to be working more than 5 to 10 years at one company.


Due to the fact that you are new, senior managers are less likely to give you creative control.

Unlike working at a startup where your role in the company can change constantly depending on where you're needed, in a corporation you are pretty much stuck with a given role. In each position, you have to answer to a manager who tells you what to do. In a corporation, because of the hierarchical system, you have little to no say in the way things operate. Your creative control is limited due to the fact that everyone above you feels like they know better than you just because they've been there longer than you.


Drug tests.

Everyone has their vices, but that shouldn't be a reason your work doesn't get done. Corporate jobs have very strict deadlines, which puts immense pressure on employees. It turns out some workers turn to other pick me ups for an added boost. Corporations have very strict drug codes and many people lose their jobs over failed drug tests, as long as you get your work done well and on time, who is to judge you on your vices?


You will forever be working under someone.

In America, if you truly want to make it and live life as you please, your corporate job is not the way to go. You will never achieve true economic freedom working for someone because your employer is only making money if profit margins are good. In order to keep profit margins at a suitable level, they must save money wherever they can.

One place where they attempt to save the most money would be with employee salaries. If you want to be independent, you must follow your dreams and attempt to build your own company with your own clients.


The people you work with are pretty much established and don't have the same drive as you.

As a young and hungry individual, it is only right that you strive for excellence. You will work towards becoming a standout worker just so you can work your way up the corporate ladder. In a corporation, many of your senior managers have already made it and achieved the highest level that they can. Because of this, they pretty much know what they have to do on a day-to-day basis and they are just counting down the days to retirement.

Many of us can get in a trap and be inspired by our managers to sit back and act as if our future is secure. In a startup, you are surrounded by highly driven and motivated individuals because this is the life that they chose and many times there is no turning back. If you want to motivate yourself, you should surround yourself with like-minded individuals who are just as motivated as you are, this will ensure to keep you on your toes and always striving for the best.


Monday 3 August 2015

Worlds First 100GE Network Module



Ixia's PerfectStorm family of 100GbE load modules delivers the industry's most scalable solution for testing converged multi-play services, application delivery, and network security platforms for both wired and wireless networks.

The architectural breakthrough of the PerfectStorm family adopts the technology innovations built around Ixia's Xcellon-Ultra and BreakingPoint Firestorm hardware families, resulting in a revolutionary converged solution with optimal flexibility and performance, to meet the requirements of today's and future next-generation networks.

 The proliferation of dynamic and evolving applications, along with an increase in advanced malicious attacks, has created a dangerous lack of control and visibility into both the performance and security of IT infrastructures.

The world is becoming an always-connected, mobile environment, with massive volumes of traffic flowing through WANs, LANs, and data centers. The increase in network traffic scale, complexity, and types is causing a huge upswing in data center port counts and technology diversity.

As bandwidth requirements press the limits of networking devices towards the terabit level and users drive 10x more TCP connections per second compared with the last 2-3 years, equipment manufacturers, datacenters, and service providers must keep pace by introducing even higher-density 10GbE and high-speed 40GbE, and 100GbE equipment.

Equipped with powerful multi-core, multi-threaded network processors, PerfectStorm is Ixia's next-generation architecture designed to satisfy the testing needs of those manufacturers. As service providers and large enterprises implement this same equipment in their own networks, they must also test and verify performance and functionality prior to deployment.

A single, integrated system equipped with 12 PerfectStorm blades, allows control of application traffic to nearly a terabit, up to 720 million concurrent connections, and new TCP connections rates of up to 24 Million. The hardware-based acceleration supports massive encryption levels with up to 240Gbps of SSL traffic and 480Gbps of IPsec traffic per system. The system uses inline field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) for enhanced accuracy pertaining to latency measurements with a resolution of 10ns.

XGS12-HS chassis and PerfectStorm 100GbE Load Modules

Massive-scale, easy-to-use and high-fidelity simulations to battle-test today's high-volume, dynamic, converged networks and data center infrastructures

The modular PerfectStorm platform creates real-world, high-stress conditions and user behavior to provide organizations the insight to battle-test IT infrastructures, train cyber warriors, tune systems and policies, and transform security processes to be proactive and effective.

The Ixia PerfectStorm is the essential solution to:

    Evaluate next-generation content-aware security devices
    Rollout converged multiplay services
    Benchmark and validate performance of network infrastructures and network devices
    Deploy compact cyber ranges and train cyber warriors
    Optimize virtualized data centers
    Tune systems and policies
    Mitigate IT risk




Thanks,
Sameer Naik

Cisco: Attackers innovating, evading defenses in first half of 2015

Cisco: Attackers innovating, evading defenses in first half of 2015


Attackers are relaying command-and-control communications through Tor and the Invisible Internet Project, the report showed.
Attackers are relaying command-and-control communications through Tor and the Invisible Internet Project, the report showed.

Increasingly innovative threat actors are becoming faster at attacking, quicker at adapting, and better at evading detection, according to Cisco's 2015 Midyear Security Report.

Some of the evasive tactics observed by Cisco in the first half of 2015 include relaying command-and-control communications through Tor and the Invisible Internet Project, the report showed. Additionally, the increasing use of sandbox detection techniques is helping attackers conceal their presence on networks.

"Some exploit kit authors are incorporating text from Jane Austen's classic novel Sense and Sensibility into web landing pages that host their exploit kits," the report said. "Antivirus and other security solutions are more likely to categorize these pages as legitimate after "reading" such text."

On the subject of exploit kits – with several critical Adobe Flash Player vulnerabilities having been disclosed earlier this year, it is perhaps no surprise that Cisco is seeing Adobe Flash bugs being regularly integrated into popular exploit kits, including Angler and Nuclear.

Although a number of experts have said that Adobe Flash Player has too many flaws and should be uninstalled, John Stewart, chief security and trust officer with Cisco, told SCMagazine.com that users should not be hasty. He said that what we are seeing currently with Adobe Flash has been seen previously with Java and Microsoft Silverlight.

"Attackers will target what's weak," Stewart said, explaining that Adobe is responding in the same way that Oracle and Microsoft did when their respective products were being highly targeted in years past.

Other findings in the report: Cisco is increasingly seeing crimeware operators working in development teams to ensure profits continue; Microsoft Office macros is once again being used to spread malware; and spam volume has increased in the U.S., China and the Russian Federation, while remaining stable in other regions.

"[Organizations] need to be proactive about identifying and addressing cybersecurity risks that can affect their business and aligning the right people, processes, and technology to help them meet those challenges," the report said.

Datura stramonium (Common Name : Jimson Weed) Medicinal Uses, Side Effects and Benefits

Datura stramonium (Common Name : Jimson Weed) Medicinal Uses, Side Effects and Benefits

Posted on November 20, 2014

What is Datura plant?

Datura is an herbaceous perennial plant, which is grown in temperate and tropical region of the globe. All the species of Datura are poisonous in nature. Some are aphrodisiac too. The seeds and flowers are more poisonous in nature. Sometimes, datura is termed as witches weeds and shows properties like deadly nightshade and henbane. Datura use is known for feverish state and even death. However, in Ayurveda, it is used as medicine and ritual as well as prayers has also place this. Even being a poisonous plant, datura has been using since the ancient times by ayurveda physicians, spiritual purposes, holy men and its use in modern medicine drugs.Benefits of Jimson Weed

Datura seeds parts used are seeds, flowers and leaves. All the parts of datura contain dangerous level of poison like tropane alkaloids atropine, hyoscyamine, scopolamine, which are considered as deliriants or anticholinergics.

Datura should be taken only after consultation from the good practitioner as the difference between medical dose and toxic dose is very very small.

Datura distribution

Initially, datura was found in United States of America but now it is spread all over the world. In United States, datura is generally found in Southern America and Mexico. Datura is found in the deserts of America such as southern California, east Texas, and northern region of Arizona, New Mexico, Utah and Nevada.  It grows wild in the tropical as well as temperate climate where it is found in the road side area as well as the medicinal plant nursery. In Europe, it grows as weed on the wasteland and garbage. In India, it is distributed in the Himalayn region.

Common names of Datura

It has been known by many names such as jimson weed, stink weed, mad apple, thorn apple stramonium, dhatura tatula, and datura seeds. Datura is also known by other common names such as Devil's snare, hell's bell, devil's trumpet, devil's weed, tolguacha, locoweed, pricklyburr and devil's cucumber.


  • English Name- Thorn apple, Devil's trumpet, Metel
  • Hindi Name- Sada Dhatura
  • Tamil Name- Ummattangani/ Vella- Ummathai
  • Telugu Name- Ummetta
  • Bengal Name- Dhattura
  • Gujarati name – Dhattura
  • Marathi Name-Dhattura
  • Kannada name- Unmatta, Dhattura
  •  Malayalam Name- Unmatta, Dhattura
  • Arabic name – Datur
  • Persian name – Tatur

Datura uses for hair fall

 Utmost precautions should be taken while ingesting datura as it may seriously harm you or kill you.

  • Datura is used as poison because the presence of alkaloids such as scopolamine, hyoscyamine, and atropine.
  • The growing datura plant acts like as insect repellent thereby protects other plants from insects.
  • The juice of datura plant is applied over the scalp to treat hair fall, hair loss and dandruff.

Datura classification

  • Botanical name: Datura stramonium
  • Kingdom: Plantae
  • Division: Magnoliophyta
  • Class: Magnoliopsida
  • Order: Solanales
  • Family: Solanaceae (deadly Nightshade family)
  • Genus: Datura
  • Species: Datura stramonium

List of Datura species

  • Datura wrightii also called Southwestern Thorn Apple
  • Datura stramonium also called Jimson weed
  • Datura metaloides also called sacred datura
  • Datura inoxia named as Toloache
  • Datura discolor is also known as Moon flower.
  • Datura ceratocaula
  • Datura ferox: long spined thorn-apple
  • Datura leichhardti: Leichhardt's datura
  • Datura quercifolia: Oak-leaf thorn-apple

Datura drugs and medicinal benefits

Recently, FDA has recognized the medicinal uses of Datura because the presence of chemical compounds such as scopolamine and atropine.

  • Flying Ointment: Flying ointment is used by medieval witches of Europe so that they can fly. Flying ointment is a complex drug that is made from the plants such as henbane, hemlock, wolfsbane and some plants from nightshade family. The ointment is used to apply on the soles of the feet, vagina and armpits.
  • Ayahuasca brews: Ayahuasca brew is used by shamans to make brew. Only 2-3 leaves are used for 30-40 people.
  • Smoking blends of datura and cannabis are used as smoke because it is not ruthless and burns easier.
  • It has been used by the British soldiers to treat respiratory problems. Both scopolamine and atropine are used as sedatives and sometimes helps in curing of motion sickness, nausea and dizziness.
  • Datura has been used in Ayurveda for asthma symptoms where jimson weed's leaves are smoked in cigarette or pipe.
  • The Zuni once used it as analgesic for bone setting while the Chinese were used it as anaesthesia during surgery.

Datura seeds benefits

  • Datura leaves are used to treat pain. The paste of roasted leaves is applied over the area to relieve pain.
  • It is used as herbal medicine, especially in case of ayurveda for asthma and bonesetting.
  • Jimson weed is used to treat spasm of bronchitis in asthma.
  • Datura seeds and leaves are used as antiasthmatic, antispasmodic, hypnotic and narcotic.
  • Externally, the jimson seeds are used in treating of fistulas and abscesses
  • Datura leaves are enriched with hyoscyamine and atropine, can be used as mind altering drug.
  • The oil extract from the datura seed is used to treat baldness and stimulate growth of hair.

Datura leaves benefits

  •  The leaves of datura are good to relieve headache.
  • The vapour of datura leaves infusion is used to relieve arthritis such as rheumatism and gout.
  • The burning leaf smoke of datura is good to treat asthma and bronchitis.
  • The ethanol extract from datura leaves are used as acaricidal, repellent and oviposition deterrent properties against mites.
  • The ethanol extract of datura is used as repellent against larva and mosquito.
  • The leaves of datura are used to treat heart problems like palpitations and hypertension.
  • Datura leaves juice is used to treat earache.
  • Boils can also be overcome by applying datura leaves as poultice.

Datura side effects

  • Datura is poisonous plant, so it should be taken only after consultation with the experienced physicians.
  • Datura chemicals such as scopolamine and atropine are used as poison and used in murders and suicides.
  • Datura increases the heart beat and may lead to cardiac arrest.
  • Ingesting datura may cause violent behavior because the presence of chemical substance called anticholinergic.
  • Taking datura results to dilated pupils.
  • One can also experience amnesia due to this.
  • Blurred vision, nausea, giddiness, confusion, rapid pulse, hyperthermia are some of the side effects of datura.
  • Datura can affect the nervous system adversely.
  • The juice of datura leaves is also very harmful for eyes.

 

Sunday 2 August 2015

Calotropis gigantea – Arka -Uses, Dose, Side Effects, Ayurveda Details

Calotropis gigantea – Arka -Uses, Dose, Side Effects, Ayurveda Details

Calotropis gigantea is known as Arka in Sanskrit. It is widely used many Ayurvedic treatments, both externally (ksharasutra) and internally. It is a very common herb seen widely throughout India. It is called as Madar in English. Often, its another variety Calotropois procera is also used in the same name. 

Botanical Name– Calotropis Gigantea(Linn). R. Brown
Family –  Asclepiadaceae( Periplocaceae) – Arka Kula
Alarka arka Calotropis gigantea Calotropis procera

Vernacular Names
Hindi Name- Madara, Akavan, Aak (latex of Arka is called Aak ki doodh)
English Name- Madar
Telugu Name- Jilledu, Mandaram
Bengali Name- Aakand
Marathi Name- Rui/ Akamadar
Gujarati Name- Akad, Akado
Tamil Name- Pellerukku, Erukku
Punjabi Name – Ak
Arab name – Ushar
Pharsi name – Kharak

Synonyms
Arka – arka means Sun rays. This herb is as pungent, hot and strong as Sun rays.
Toolaphala – fruit has ridges
Ksheeraparna – leaves yield milk (latex)
Arkaparna – Parna means leaf. Leaves are strong, hot and pungent.
Vikirana – its pollination is by air (spreading)
Asphota – the fruit bursts open.
Alarka, Mandara. Saapuspa, Talaphala, Krsaparna, Arkaparna, Vikirana, Asphota.

Classical categorization
Caraka – Bedaniya, Vamonopaga, Svedopaga
Susruta- Arkadi, Adhobhagahara
Vaghata- Arkadi

Major chemical constituents
Calotropis Gigantea– Laurane, Saccharose, B-amyrin; a&B calotropeols; holarrhetine, Cyanidin-3-rhamnoglucoside; Taraxsterol isovalerate; Giganteol; Calotroposide;Calactin, Calotoxin; Calotropins DI &DII, Gigantin etc.

Calotropis procera– A&B Amyrins, Cyanidin-3-Rhamnoglucoside, procesterol,  B-sitosterol, Calactin, Caotoxin, Calotropagenin, Calotropin, Calotropain, Proceroside, Proceragenin etc.
(Reference: Illustrated Dravyaguna VIjnana, Vol. II, by Dr JLN Shastry)

Arka – Medicinal Properties-
Rasa (taste) – Katu (pungent) Tikta (bitter)
Guna (qualities) – Laghu (lightness), Ruksha (dryness), Teekshna
Vipaka- Katu – Undergoes pungent taste conversion after digestion.
Veerya – Ushna – hot potency
Effect on Tridosha – Because of its hot potency, it balances Vata and Kapha.
Red type's flower has bitter and sweet tate. Hence it balances Pitta and Kapha.

Medicinal uses of Calotropis gigantea –
Calotropis gigantea medicinal uses

Arka ksheera – The latex of Madar plant is used in Vamana (vomiting therapy) and Virechana (purgation therapy). It is capable of inducing vomiting and purgation.
Kushtahara – useful in skin diseases
Gulmahara – useful in abdominal tumors, bloating
Udarahara – used in the treatment of ascites.

Madar plant is
Vatahrut – balances Vata
Deepana – improves digestion
Sara – eases bowel movements.
Shophahara – anti inflammatory
Vranahara – brings about quick wound healing
Kanduhara – relieves itching
Kushtahara – useful in skin diseases
Pleehahara – useful in spleen disorders
Krumihara – useful in intestinal worm infestation

Madar flower –
Vrushya – acts as aphrodisiac
Laghu – light to digest
Deepana – improves digestion strength
Pachana – carminative
Arochaka – useful in anorexia
Praseka – excessive salivation
Arsha – hemorrhoids
Kasa shwasahara – useful in respiratory disorders – cough, asthma etc. It acts as a good expectorant.

Red coloured flowers –
Tikta Madhura – sweet, bitter in taste
Kushtahara – relieves skin diseases
Krumighna – useful in worm infestation
Kaphanashana – balances Kapha.
Arshahara – useful in hemorrhoids
Vishahara – anti toxic
Raktapitta – useful in bleeding disorders
Sangrahi – useful in diarrhoea
Gulma – useful in abdominal tumors, bloating
Shvayathuhara – anti inflammatory.

Root bark is useful in cough, cold and constipation. (acts as laxative).

Snake bites – In ancient times, for poisonous snake bite, its leaves were chewed and latex was applied over the wound.
Gastritis – Its leaves are processed with Saindhava salt to prepare a medicine called Arka Lavana, widely used in the treatment of gastritis.
Its latex is applied over the gums to relieve toothache.

Part used– Root bark, flowers, leaf, latex, seeds.

Dosage– Root bark, powder 0.5-1 g. flower power 1-2 g

Ayurvedic medicines prepared with Calotropis gigantea –
Ardraka Ghrita – used in indigestion and chronic diarrhoea
Arkadi Kashaya – used in cough, cold, backache with stiffness
Asanadi Kashaya – used in treating diabetes, obesity etc.

Side effects and precautions –
Over-dosage may cause diarrhoea and vomiting.
It is not safe to use in pregnancy or during lactation period.