Tuesday 28 February 2017

180 Children Go Missing In India Every Day. Most May Never Be Found

The statistics are sombre, heart-breaking. Two out of three missing children in India remain untraced in a period of three years, the wait for them an excruciating see-saw between agony and hope for those who love them. On the occasion of International Missing Children's Day on 25 May, Child Rights And You (CRY) compiled these sobering statistics in a report that also noted that the number of untraced children has witnessed a sharp increase in the country.

The data, available with the Ministry of Home Affairs, shows that the number of untraced children in the country has increased by 84% between 2013 and 2015. The total number of untraced children in 2015 was 62,988 as against 34,244 in the year 2013.

"In India, according to estimates, 180 children go missing on an average every day. While the number of children who go missing remains alarming, the number of untraced children keep piling year on year," noted a press release on the CRY report.

As of 2015, 9414 children have not been found in Maharashtra and 9001 remain untraced in the national capital. The reality is similarly bleak in Madhya Pradesh and Haryana, which have witnessed around 60% growth in the number of untraced children in the last three years.

Activists say that it is about time we take these numbers seriously.

Komal Ganotra, director Policy and Advocacy for CRY says, "While we know missing children are often led to be a part of organized crimes, illegal child labour and trafficking, there needs to be a differential structure of investigation to track these children. The major reason why children are trafficked from West Bengal, for instance is very different from, say the national capital. A robust investigation mechanism with inter-state and inter-departmental coordination remains imperative. A comprehensive database of children is yet to see the light of the day."

Ganotra adds, "Prevention of these crimes needs as much of an investment as the investigation thereafter. Community-based child protection systems have to be in place to ensure prevention of such crimes. Village Protection committees and panchayats can keep a track of all children that leave villages for better prospects. At the urban level, the state should ensure sufficient daycare services for children with both parents working need to be established."

Puja Marwaha, the chief executive officer of CRY, says that the governments should ensure the fundamental rights of underprivileged children in India are protected and honoured. "It is necessary that all duty-bearers for children promise... a childhood which is not [include] begging on streets, working in agricultural fields and construction sites but learning in a well-equipped classroom."


Source:-
http://www.huffingtonpost.in/dipin-damodharan/180-children-go-missing-e_b_10114654.html
www.huffingtonpost.in
The statistics are sombre, heart-breaking. Two out of three missing children in India remain untraced in a period of three years, the wait for them an excruciating ...



Creative Kids

 


 

 

 

Creativity means uniqueness, bringing into being something new. The opposite of creativity is conformity where a child is expected to do things only in the way she has been tonight.

 

Children are creative by nature. Parents encourage or discourage their natural creativity in the ways that they relate to them.

 

How to encourage creativity: –

 

Encourage creative thinking right from the beginning. A toddler may jabber away about factually wrong things like a train flying, etc – resist the temptation to correct him. Let him think freely.

•Foster a sense of independence – if your child is dependent upon your approval and permission for everything, she will always follow the rules and stifle her own creative impulses.

•Encourage the child to take responsibility for her mistakes and actions.

•Believe that making mistakes is an essential part of learning and teach your children the same belief.

•Teach tolerance and openness to new experiences and the unfamiliar.

•Teach self-confidence and the ability to follow through on her own instincts.

•Encourage a child to think critically and ask the question why?

•Encourage her to dream big.

•Teach children how to make their dreams come true through hard work and setting of realistic goals. Praise liberally for all achievements.

•Encourage fantasy play, story writing or any talent the child might have.

•Teach persistence through praise, encouragement and example.

•Many creative children tend to be loners.

 

How to encourage creativity: –

•Foster the love of reading as it helps develop the imagination and also helps to expose the child to as yet unknown worlds.

•Discourage TV and computer games, creativity flourishes in the absence of there.

•Accept that creativity is also expressed in mischief and doing things that you may disapprove of.

•Avoid comparisons.

•Don't ignore their persistent questions of why & how?

•Don't teach safety at the cost of exploration and natural curiosity.

•Spend time with your children.

•Don't insist on conformity with all rules or doing things in only one 'proper' way or 'best way'.

•Don't ridicule or put down her creative efforts.

•Don't teach children to devalue their own opinions and judgements by saying things like 'you're too young to know'.

•Don't talk down regularly to a child.

•Don't rush to constantly entertain them. Let them play on their own. Allow them to work out solutions to games, puzzles by themselves. Praise the effort, not just the result.

•Don't create stereotypes for your children by using gender or age

•Set a good example.


What is health literacy?

What is health literacy?

Health literacy is the degree to which individuals have the capacity to obtain, process, and understand basic health information and services needed to make appropriate health decisions.1

Health literacy is dependent on individual and systemic factors:

•Communication skills of lay persons and professionals

•Lay and professional knowledge of health topics

•Culture

•Demands of the healthcare and public health systems

•Demands of the situation/context

Health literacy affects people's ability to:

•Navigate the healthcare system, including filling out complex forms and locating providers and services

•Share personal information, such as health history, with providers

•Engage in self-care and chronic-disease management

•Understand mathematical concepts such as probability and risk

Health literacy includes numeracy skills. For example, calculating cholesterol and blood sugar levels, measuring medications, and understanding nutrition labels all require math skills. Choosing between health plans or comparing prescription drug coverage requires calculating premiums, copays, and deductibles.

In addition to basic literacy skills, health literacy requires knowledge of health topics. People with limited health literacy often lack knowledge or have misinformation about the body as well as the nature and causes of disease. Without this knowledge, they may not understand the relationship between lifestyle factors such as diet and exercise and various health outcomes.

Health information can overwhelm even persons with advanced literacy skills. Medical science progresses rapidly. What people may have learned about health or biology during their school years often becomes outdated or forgotten, or it is incomplete. Moreover, health information provided in a stressful or unfamiliar situation is unlikely to be retained.


Monday 27 February 2017

Health literacy



Health literacy is the degree to which individuals have the capacity to obtain, process, and understand basic health information and services needed to make appropriate health decisions.

Students must understand their civic rights and responsibilities



Young adults encompass a large segment of the Indian population, which gives them a great deal of power as voters and citizens. In the coming years, today's students will elect politicians and move into leadership positions themselves. To ensure that they are able to make informed decisions in the democratic process, students must learn civic literacy.

Saturday 25 February 2017

Talent Identification in Children



A child's experiences in his early years can greatly influence his adult development. Every child is talented in some area. How can you identify your child's special talents and help develop his talents to better prepare him for his future? Read on to know more.

How does an impoverished Russian tennis club churn out more women tennis prodigies than the United States?

How does a simple bus conductor become the second highest paid actor in the whole of Asia?

How does a male chef succeed in hosting the longest running food show in Asia, which was so far a primarily female-dominated field?

Influence of Early Formative years on Adult Development

A child's experiences in his early life greatly influence his eventual adult development. Studies suggest that 50% or more of a child's mature intelligence is developed by the time he turns 4. It is no wonder then, that a child's early years are called his formative years. All parents wish to provide every possible benefit to their child during their early formative years to ensure success in later years.

How often have we, as parents, boasted about what we consider as our children's special achievements and abilities to anyone who would listen? Parents will admit that at some point or the other, they have suspected their children of possessing superior abilities in some field. Erica Jong wrote, "Everyone has talent. What's rare is the courage to follow it to the dark places where it leads."

How early does talent emerge? How important are the initial signs of talent with regard to adult life? It is important to understand every child is gifted. Some children's gifts are out in the open for the world to see. Others gifts may be hidden and may need some nurturing before being unwrapped. Even parents who have successfully identified their children's special talents continue to question their judgement.

Identifying your Child's Talents

Identifying your child's talent area can cause a lot of worry. Trying to decide which hobby or talent your child should cultivate is not always easy. Look for the following signs to help you decide where your child's talents lay:

Observe Natural Interests

Observe what your child enjoys doing in his or her free time. Sometimes a child may show a heightened level of interest in a particular field. This will help you to identify their natural interests.

Ask for Teachers' Suggestions

Owing to the large number of children teachers and coaches interact with; they are best suited to identify your child's unique talents. Their suggestions and observations are based on your child's performance in class discussions, tests, assignments, and general child-to-child interactions, and can help in supporting your own impressions.

Academic Performance

If your child shows excellent academic performance in a particular subject in school, it points out their inherent talent in the subject.

Observe Choice of Activities

If your child has the makings of an artist, you can observe that through the types of activities that draw his attention. Children with artistic skills will enjoy creative activities like crafting, painting, designing, etc.

Talent in Unconventional Fields

Talents need not always be present only in conventional fields like drawing or singing. For instance, if your child is very good at making conversations and is always able to make his point firmly while debating or arguing on a subject, your child has qualities which can make a good lawyer.

Observe his Television Viewing Choices

Observing the kind of shows your child likes to watch on television can help you in spotting his interests. If he is always inclined towards programmes about cars, for instance, these are signs that automobile engineering probably interests him.

Pay Attention to what your child is Curious about.

If your child is interested in a subject, he will question you about it often and tirelessly. His great zeal and enthusiasm for that subject will become apparent. For example, if he insists on going to a planetarium or looking through a telescope to observe stars more closely, it proves his fascination for the field of astronomy.

Developing your Child's Talents

Knowing that your child is exceptionally gifted or talented in any field is a source of great pride for any parent, but it is also a tremendous responsibility. Once the area of potential is identified, steps can be taken to develop and nurture that talent. Daniel Coyle, author, writes that greatness isn't born, it's grown. Prodigious talent isn't passed down genetically. It is the consequence of a cutting-edge powerful pattern combining three significant forces: "targeted methods of practicing, specific methods of motivating, and coaching." Children's method of practicing, dealing with success, failure, and criticisms all play a vital part in the likelihood of achieving greatness.

Introduce Them to Children with Similar Interests

Once your child's special talents have been identified, introduce and encourage them to connect with other children sharing similar interests in order to motivate and cultivate each other's talents;

Do Not Pass Judgement

Do not judge or comment negatively upon your child's talents else they lose motivation;

Encourage Your Child to Explore New Opportunities

The more the opportunities a child gets and the more the different activities he participates in, the simpler it will be for him to identify and further develop his talents;

Ensure Your Child's Passion Is the Motivator

Allow your child to savour his pursuits without putting any demands on him. Over – scheduling lessons or excessive parental direction may make them dissatisfied and disinterested;

Find Your Child a Talent Mentor

Monitor your child carefully to see whether or not the interest is just a passing one. Find a talent mentor or expert to help develop and hone your child's talent. It is necessary that you remember at all times that your job is to nurture your child's interests and not pressurise him with lessons and activities that he may not enjoy;

Promote Inner Satisfaction Not Approval

Provide your child with a comfortable undemanding ambiance to hone his talents naturally. This will ensure that he is motivated not by external approval but by the inner passion and satisfaction he will gain from pursuing his talents.

Praise Effort, Not Ability

When we praise a child's natural talent, he tends to become complacent and takes less effort to learn more. But if we praise their effort to learn and develop further, children are more inclined to taking risks, making mistakes and learning from them.

Parents need to instil the value of hard work in their children as a means to keep them motivated and constantly striving for excellence. As Magic Johnson stated, "Talent is never enough. With few exceptions the best players are the hardest workers". While it is true that parents want only the best for their children, pushing them to be better in an area where they have the skill but not the inclination is merely pushing them to fulfil their parents' dreams and not their own. Having passion for a certain field will ensure that your child will worker harder, faster and better to understand and develop skills to help him succeed. Remember, Hard Work beats Talent when Talent doesn't Work Hard.


Friday 24 February 2017

How to Teach Study Skills

1. Learn to focus while you work. Turn off the phone, music, and other distractions.

2. Use your class time wisely so that you will not have as much work to do at home.

3. Always do your homework. Record the assignments you have before you leave class.

4. Write it down! Take notes in class and as you read.

5. Do not delay learning. Learn the material the first time you see it.

6. Get in the habit of quizzing yourself as you study.

7. Don't try to cram. Keeping up is far easier than frantically trying to catch up.

8. Make and use flashcards.

9. Get organized and stay that way.

10. Believe in yourself. Have confidence that you can achieve your dreams.

11. Review your class notes within 24 hours.

12. Use colors to help you learn. Write on colored paper or use a bright ink or highlighter.

13. "Looking it over" is a waste of time. Write it down, call it out to a friend, sing it, say it over and over…don't just stare at the page and daydream.

14. Use your biological clock to your advantage. Study when you are most alert.

15. Plan your work and work your plan.

16. Pay attention when your teacher talks.

17. Make up your work right away when you have been absent.

18. Ask for help when you need it.

19. Take good notes in class and while you read. Then, study those notes.

20. When you study notes, mark them up. Underline or circle key points. Draw arrows to connect facts…whatever works for you.

21. Correct tests and quizzes when they are returned. Learn from those mistakes.

22. When you have a passage to read, preview it first.

23. Become an intelligent test taker. Read the test first and follow directions.

24. Learn a new word every day.

25. Form an informal study group. Many people learn best when they can study with others.

26. Be sure to practice as much as you need to master the material.

27. If you have a large task to accomplish, break it into smaller tasks.

28. Work on the most difficult assignments you have for homework before you tackle the easier ones.

29. Reward yourself when you have completed a task.

30. Set small goals and work to achieve them.

 


Tips for personality development for kids

Each person has his own unique personality which actually begins to emerge from an early age. By the age of six months, most parents can identify the nature of the child. These traits become stronger between ages three to ten and then they continue to develop throughout the adolescent years. The older view that every person is born with his personality has now been modified. It is now recognized that personality development depends on both nature and nurture. Parents must help the child to develop good habits and traits and a strong sense of self from an early age. While each child is unique, parental actions can go a long way towards helping in the development of personality.

Personality refers to the group of character traits that make a person unique. According to psychologists, these personality traits actually begin to emerge around the age of six months when the child becomes capable of independent movement. You will often hear parents describing their babies as 'temperamental' or 'sweet'. As the child grows, the development of personality continues rapidly. Most of the major traits are manifested between ages three and five years. These are the preschool years when the child is learning to cope with a number of new experiences and express his own feelings. They are becoming more active. Hence it is during this time that the major personality traits begin to emerge quite clearly.

Factors affecting personality development of kids

What are the factors that affect the development of personality in children? There are several schools of views. Some of the factors which are thought to play an important role are given here:

•Heredity is regarded as an important factor. For example, qualities like athleticism may be an inherited trait.

•Traditions are another factor. The traditional and ethnic values, its symbolism and rites will influence the behavior of individuals.

•Birth order is thought to have significant influence on the personality of a child. A firstborn, a middle child and the youngest child will show distinct and definite differences in personality traits. On the other hand, an only child also has personality characteristics developed because of his/her status as an only child.

•But perhaps the most influential factor affecting personality development is the quality of parenting and childhood training that the kid receives. That is why parents have a crucial role to play in developing the personality of their children.

Parenting and personality development of kids

As parents, there are a number of things that you can do to help proper development of personality of your child. Some important tips are as follows:

•The first task is to make time for your child and this goes for both the other and the father as a family group as well as with each individual parent. Attention and company of a parent is vital to the proper development of the child. No matter how busy you are or what a high powered job you hold, you need to make time for your kid. You need not plan a grand activity all the time, but you need to convey the feeling that you are always ready to spend time with him/her or listen to his/her problems.

•Your child is unique and even if you have twins, each child has his own personality. It is necessary that you treat your child as an individual. You should not try to put him/her in a preconceived category or to build him up to be an image of yourself. Using words like "Why can't you be more like your brother/sister/father/mother?" can actually hamper the natural development of personality in your child.

•Your child will learn how to behave from you. So, parents need to set an example. Children learn by imitation. Younger they are, longer they spend observing you and imitating your behavior. If you are engaged in family quarrels, abusive language or other negative behavior in front of your child, he/she will have a bad example to follow. Such parental behavior often leaves lifelong impact on personality of the child.

•You have to be aware about what your child is being exposed to and how much he/she has been absorbing. The television, the internet and even the magazines can expose your child to inappropriate material. You may think that he/she is too young to understand, but you will be surprised at how much a child can absorb. So, you need to be careful of the influences which pervade the atmosphere around your child.

•Avoid labeling the behavior of your child. This is especially common in large families with a number of siblings. One is tough; the other is quiet and a third is imaginative. While these labels may be partially true, they actually force the child into neat little categories. If he/she has a potential to be anything more, it is strangled at birth. So, avoid putting labels on your child.

•The best way to let the personality of your child emerge naturally is through play. Play is the way that children learn. It helps in physical, social and psychological development of a preschooler. He/she learns the skills of decision making, problem solving, leadership and gives reign to his/her creativity. So, letting your child play is necessary to help his/her personality to develop fully.

•Finally, parents need to use the twin concepts of reward and punishment carefully to help in the development of personality in their children. You praise the behavior that you want to encourage and you ignore or give a token punishment in response to behavior you want to discourage. However, recent research shows that reward punishment does not affect the personality as child grows older. In a study by Birch et al (1984) it was concluded that if you want your child to actually want to do something, it will be counterproductive to reward them for that behavior.

Top 10 Personality Development Tips For Kids

1. Make It Your Priority:
Parenting should undoubtedly be your topmost priority.
You may have been having a hard time managing work and home. Now's the time to prioritize and make it a point to spend more time with your child.
During this initial stage of development, your behavior with your child will play a role in developing his personality.

2. Review Your Parenting Skills:
It is also important to keep track of your own parenting skills during this period.
Ponder over how you behave in certain situations.
See if it has an impact on your child's behavior too.
Check if you have reasonable expectations from your child.

3. Avoid Labels:
Labeling your child is probably the worst thing you could do.
This is wrong, even if you're comparing him to someone who's a good person.
Allow your child to express his own personality.
Do not limit him to behave in a particular way.

4. Accept And Move On:
Every individual has certain shortcomings, and so does your child.
Keep realistic expectations from your child.
Encourage him to excel at what he's best at.
Fuel his passion.
Do not dampen his spirits by constantly nagging him about something he isn't good at.

5. Pay Close Attention:
Different forms of media play a huge role in influencing your child's behavior. This is especially difficult, as these days, the internet dominates pretty much everything that we do.
Pay close attention to your child's activities and interests.
Keep track of the new things he learns.

6. Set A Good Example:
In this developmental stage of life, your child is much more likely to mimic you and your partner.
Remember that you will need to be on your best behavior at all times.
Setting a good example for your child has many benefits, and most of them are good for you as well.

7. Set The Rules:
An important rule to follow when it comes to shaping your child's personality is to set down a list of rules.
Establish a healthy communication system with your child.
This will help strengthen the parent-child bond you share.

8. Punish Lovingly:
Punishment doesn't have to be abusive or violent.
The trick to handle your child is to punish him lovingly.
Make it a point to stress on the difference between the right and the wrong.
Explain why you don't approve certain activities, and say that you will be sad or disappointed if he does so.

9. Listen Up:
Giving your child undivided attention is probably one of the golden rules of parenting-it always works wonders.
Listen to your child's concerns.
This will give him a sense of importance and boost his confidence and strength.

10. Help Him Out:
Your growing child has a lot to deal with.
The best way to help him glide through it all is to be there for him whenever he needs you.
As a parent, you will need to be his ultimate support system
Be his guide to help him through his ups and downs.
Remember, each child is different and you need to understand what approach works best in handling your child. Your constant love and faith is what will help your child develop a confident and loving personality.

Thursday 9 February 2017

What Are Cognitive Skills?

Children develop cognitive skills rapidly in the first few years of life and build on them progressively throughout grade school. In this lesson, you'll learn about three essential cognitive skills, as well as explore cognitive milestones from two to 12 years of age.

What Are Cognitive Skills?

Cognitive skill development in children involves the progressive building of learning skills, such as attention, memory and thinking. These crucial skills enable children to process sensory information and eventually learn to evaluate, analyze, remember, make comparisons and understand cause and effect. Although some cognitive skill development is related to a child's genetic makeup, most cognitive skills are learned. That means thinking and learning skills can be improved with practice and the right training.

Attention

When a child learns to pay attention, it enables him to concentrate on one task or conversation for an extended period of time. Learning to focus attention is an important cognitive skill that the child will use in virtually all future learning. Children younger than five years of age tend to have short attention spans that typically last 15 minutes or less. By the time a child reaches eight years of age, he should have an increased ability to focus on one thing for longer periods and complete tasks. He also should be more adept at ignoring distractions.

Parents and teachers can help a child develop his ability to focus by pointing out things that seem important or interesting and then asking the child to comment on his observations. For example, a trip to the zoo might result in some specific questions, like 'What animal was your favorite? and What did you like best about this animal?' Questions like these help the child pay closer attention to what he is exposed to and also challenge his ability to choose specific words to describe his thoughts.

Memory

Memory is an important cognitive skill that equips a child to retain what he has learned and experienced and therefore build a future base of knowledge. Children younger than five years of age have difficulty with short- and long-term memory retention. But, as a child progresses into the school years, his long-term memory increases and allows the child to progressively build on the previous knowledge.

A useful technique for facilitating memory in children, especially when there is a lot of information, is teaching content with rhymes or catchy sayings or putting content to music. For example, a common way to teach children the months of the year is through this rhyme:

'Thirty days hath September,
April, June, and November.
All the rest have thirty-one,
Excepting February alone,
And that has twenty-eight days clear,
And twenty-nine in each leap year.'

A memory aid like rhyme enables a child's brain to better organize and retain the content.

Thinking

The ability to think includes being able to reason out tasks and find solutions. This cognitive skill helps a child to know whether he's accomplishing what he set out to do or whether he needs to ask for help. For example, when a child reads a story, thinking skills allow him to determine for himself whether he understands what he's reading or whether he needs to go over the passage again, look for additional clues, study available pictures or ask for help in order to better grasp the intended meaning.

One of the best ways to encourage the development of thinking skills in children is for them to hear the perspectives of others. Young children tend to assume that everyone thinks and sees a situation as they do. By involving children in small group learning exercises, they are exposed to different views and perspectives, which enhances their ability to think beyond their own limits.

 

 


Cognitive Stages for Child Development

Cognitive Stages for Child Development

In 1952, French Psychologist Jean Piaget published a theory that the cognitive development of children occurs in four distinct stages, with each stage building upon the last and characterized by higher levels of sophistication and thought.

Piaget's stages were groundbreaking. Before his influential theory changed the way people viewed childhood development, it was believed that babies were without cognition until they were old enough to develop language.

Here are Piaget's four cognitive stages during childhood development:

1.    Sensorimotor Stage: Birth through about 2 years. During this stage, children learn about the world through their senses and the manipulation of objects.

2.    Preoperational Stage: Ages 2 through 7. During this stage, children develop memory and imagination. They are also able to understand things symbolically, and to understand the ideas of past and future.

3.    Concrete Operational Stage. Ages 7 through 11. During this stage, children become more aware of external events, as well as feelings other than their own. They become less egocentric, and begin to understand that not everyone shares their thoughts, beliefs, or feelings.

4.    Formal Operational Stage. Ages 11 and older. During this stage, children are able to use logic to solve problems, view the world around them, and plan for the future.

Cognitive stages for child development as defined in the Information Processing Model

Another way to look at cognitive stages for child development is to use The Information Processing Model. Developed in the 1960s and 1970s, this model tracks the development of cognitive skills including attention, short term memory, long term memory, logic & reasoning, and auditory processing.

According to the Information Processing Model:

1.    Ages 2 through 5: Children develop attention skills, short-term memory, and long-term memory

2.    Ages 5 through 7: Children develop better control over attention, memory, and problem-solving skills, and are able to use their cognitive abilities to attain goals or solve problems. Logic & reasoning also develops further as children are able to make connections between ideas. Auditory processing, a skill that is foundational for reading, is also developing during this time frame.

Cognitive skills are the skills the brain uses to think, learn, read, remember, pay attention, and solve problems. They are also the skills that are measured to determine IQ.

All cognitive profiles do not look the same. Everyone has some skills that are stronger than others. Here's an example of cognitive profiles of three children:


 
These children, ages 7 through 13, came to LearningRx because they were struggling with attention, memory, or keeping up with schoolwork/homework. A comprehensive Cognitive Assessment pinpointed the weak skills at the root of their struggles.

The good news is that cognitive skills are not set in stone. If weak skills are identified, they can be strengthened through cognitive training, often called brain training. Brain training uses fun, challenging mental exercises to target and improve weak cognitive skills.

Here, for example, is a look at Child A's cognitive performance before and after brain training. The chart on the left shows how this child was performing before cognitive training. The chart on the right shows the improvement in each skill after cognitive training (the green bars show "before training" and the purple bars show how that same skill performed "after training").


 
(Naturally, these are the scores of one child, and may or may not reflect the improvements you or your child might achieve.

 


Cognitive Stages for Child Development

Cognitive Stages for Child Development